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Qu'est-ce (qui) est in - définition
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE
IN; In.; In (disambiguation); IN (disambiguation); I.N.; I.n.; I N
in
I
adv. (colloq.)
1) in for ('facing') (they are in for trouble)
2) in with ('on intimate terms with') (they are in with highly influential people)
II
n. (colloq.)
influence
to have an in with smb.
III
prep. in smb. to + inf. (it's not in me to lie; she doesn't have it in her to break her word)
We use 'in' for longer periods of time (for example: months/years/seasons):
- in April
- in 1968
- in (the) winter in the 18th century
- in the 1970s
- in the Middle Ages
We also say:
- in the morning(s)/in the afternoon(s)/in the evening(s)
(but on Friday morning)
'In' + a period of time = a time in the future:
- The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (= a few minutes from now)
- Jack's gone away. He'll be back in a week. (= a week from now)
- They are getting married in six months. (= six months from now)
You can also say 'in six months' time', 'in a week's time', etc.:
- They are getting married in six months' time.
We also use 'in' to say how long it takes to do something:
- I learnt to drive in four weeks. (= it took me four weeks to learn)
We use 'in' in the following situations:
in a room/in a building/in the water/in a row/in a line/in a garden/in a park/in the sea/in a queue/in a town/in a country/in a river:
-There's no-one in the room/in the budding/in the shop.
- When we were in Italy, we spent a few days in Venice, (not 'at Venice')
- 'Robert lives in a small village in the mountains.
- She keeps her money in her bag/in her purse.
- When I go to the cinema, I prefer to sit in the front row.
- Have you read this article in the newspaper.
Note that we say:
(sit) in an armchair (but 'on a chair')/in the street/in a photograph/in a picture/in a mirror/in the sky
- 'Where did you meet Tom?' 'In the street.' (not 'on the street')
- Who is the woman in that photograph. (not 'on that photograph')
We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or on the corner) of a street':
- The television is in the corner of the room.
We say 'in the front/in the back of a car':
- I was sitting in the back (of the car) when we crashed.
We say 'in bed/in hospital/in prison:
- Tom's father is in hospital.
You can often use 'in' or 'at' with buildings. You can stay 'in a hotel' or 'at a hotel'; you can eat 'in a restaurant' or 'at a restaurant'.
We use 'in' when we are thinking about the building itself:
- The rooms in Tom's house are very small.
- I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the cinema.
We usually say 'in' with towns and villages:
- Tom's, parents live in Nottingham, (not 'at Nottingham')
We say 'arrive in a country/ town':
- When did he arrive in Britain/in London?
We use 'in' for cars and taxis: 'in my car/in a taxi'.
We say 'get in(to)/get out of a car or taxi':
- He got into the car and drove off. (or He got in the car ...)
We say 'in time' (for something/to do something) = soon enough for something/soon enough to do something:
- Will you be home in time for dinner. (= soon enough for dinner)
- I've sent Jill her birthday present. I hope it arrives in time (for her birthday). (= soon enough for her birthday).
- I must hurry. I want to get home in time to see the football match on television. (= soon enough to see the football match).
The opposite of 'in time' is 'too late':
- I got home too late to see the football match.
Note the expression 'just in time':
- We got to the station just in time to catch the train.
- A dog ran across the road in front of the car, but I managed to stop just in time (to avoid hitting the dog).
We say 'in the end' = finally. We use 'in the end' when we say what the final result of a situation was:
- We had a lot of problems with our car. In the end we sold it and bought another one.
- He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room.
- Tom couldn't decide where to go for his holidays. He decided to go to Italy in the end.
We say 'a rise/an increase/a fall/a decrease in something:
- There has been an increase in road accidents recently.
But we say 'there is an advantage in doing something':
- There are many advantages in living alone.
We say 'to be interested in something':
- Are you interested in art and architecture?
We say 'to believe in something':
- Do you believe in God. (= Do you believe that God exists?)
- I believe in saying what I think. (== I believe that it is a good thing to say what I think.)
in
I. POSITION OR MOVEMENT
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
Note: In addition to the uses shown below, 'in' is used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives in order to introduce extra information. 'In' is also used with verbs of movement such as 'walk' and 'push', and in phrasal verbs such as 'give in' and 'dig in'.
1.
Someone or something that is in something else is enclosed by it or surrounded by it. If you put something in a container, you move it so that it is enclosed by the container.
He was in his car.
...clothes hanging in the wardrobe...
PREP
2.
If something happens in a place, it happens there.
We spent a few days in a hotel...
He had intended to take a holiday in America...
PREP
3.
If you are in, you are present at your home or place of work.
My flatmate was in at the time...
? out
ADV: be ADV
4.
When someone comes in, they enter a room or building.
She looked up anxiously as he came in...
They shook hands and went in.
ADV: ADV after v
5.
If a train, boat, or plane has come in or is in, it has arrived at a station, port, or airport.
We'd be watching every plane coming in from Melbourne...
Look. The train's in. We'll have to run for it now.
ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
6.
When the sea or tide comes in, the sea moves towards the shore rather than away from it.
She thought of the tide rushing in, covering the wet sand...
? out
ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
7.
Something that is in a window, especially a shop window, is just behind the window so that you can see it from outside.
There was a camera for sale in the window.
PREP
8.
When you see something in a mirror, the mirror shows an image of it.
I couldn't bear to see my reflection in the mirror...
PREP
9.
If you are dressed in a piece of clothing, you are wearing it.
He was a big man, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
PREP: oft -ed PREP n
10.
Something that is covered or wrapped in something else has that thing over or round its surface.
His legs were covered in mud.
PREP: oft -ed PREP n
11.
If there is something such as a crack or hole in something, there is a crack or hole on its surface.
There was a deep crack in the ceiling above him.
PREP
II. INCLUSION OR INVOLVEMENT
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
1.
If something is in a book, film, play, or picture, you can read it or see it there.
Don't stick too precisely to what it says in the book.
PREP
2.
If you are in something such as a play or a race, you are one of the people taking part.
Alf offered her a part in the play he was directing...
More than fifteen thousand people took part in the memorial service.
PREP
3.
Something that is in a group or collection is a member of it or part of it.
The New England team are the worst in the league.
PREP
4.
You use in to specify a general subject or field of activity.
...those working in the defence industry.
...future developments in medicine.
PREP
III. TIME AND NUMBERS
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
1.
If something happens in a particular year, month, or other period of time, it happens during that time.
...that early spring day in April 1949...
Export orders improved in the last month...
In the evening, the people assemble in the mosques...
PREP
2.
If something happens in a particular situation, it happens while that situation is going on.
His father had been badly wounded in the last war.
...issues you struggle with in your daily life.
PREP
3.
If you do something in a particular period of time, that is how long it takes you to do it.
He walked two hundred and sixty miles in eight days.
PREP: PREP amount
4.
If something will happen in a particular length of time, it will happen after that length of time.
I'll have some breakfast ready in a few minutes...
They'll be back in six months.
PREP: PREP amount
5.
You use in to indicate roughly how old someone is. For example, if someone is in their fifties, they are between 50 and 59 years old.
...young people in their twenties.
PREP: PREP poss pl-num
6.
You use in to indicate roughly how many people or things do something.
...men who came there in droves...
PREP: oft PREP num
7.
You use in to express a ratio, proportion, or probability.
Last year, one in five boys left school without a qualification...
PREP: num PREP num
IV. STATES AND QUALITIES
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
1.
If something or someone is in a particular state or situation, that is their present state or situation.
The economy was in trouble...
Dave was in a hurry to get back to work...
Their equipment was in poor condition...
PREP: v-link PREP n
2.
You use in to indicate the feeling or desire which someone has when they do something, or which causes them to do it.
Simpson looked at them in surprise...
Chris was weeping in anger and grief...
PREP
3.
If a particular quality or ability is in you, you naturally have it.
Violence is not in his nature...
PREP: oft PREP pron to-inf
4.
You use in when saying that someone or something has a particular quality.
He had all the qualities I was looking for in a partner...
'I don't agree,' she said, surprised at the strength in her own voice...
PREP
5.
You use in to indicate how someone is expressing something.
Information is given to the patient verbally and in writing.
...lessons in languages other than Spanish.
PREP
6.
You use in in expressions such as in a row or in a ball to describe the arrangement or shape of something.
The cards need to be laid out in two rows...
Her ear, shoulder and hip are in a straight line...
PREP
7.
If something is in a particular colour, it has that colour.
...white flowers edged in pink...
PREP: oft -ed PREP colour
8.
You use in to specify which feature or aspect of something you are talking about.
The movie is nearly two hours in length...
There is a big difference in the amounts that banks charge.
...a real increase in the standard of living...
PREP
V. OTHER USES AND PHRASES
(ins)
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
1.
If you say that something is in, or is the in thing, you mean it is fashionable or popular. (INFORMAL)
A few years ago jogging was the in thing...
ADJ
2.
You use in with a present participle to indicate that when you do something, something else happens as a result.
In working with others, you find out more about yourself.
PREP: PREP -ing
3.
If you say that someone is in for a shock or a surprise, you mean that they are going to experience it.
You might be in for a shock at the sheer hard work involved...
PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n
4.
If someone has it in for you, they dislike you and try to cause problems for you. (INFORMAL)
The other kids had it in for me.
PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n
5.
If you are in on something, you are involved in it or know about it.
I don't know. I wasn't in on that particular argument...
PREP-PHRASE: v-link PREP n, v n PREP n
6.
If you are in with a person or group, they like you and accept you, and are likely to help you. (INFORMAL)
PHRASE: PHR n
7.
You use in that to introduce an explanation of a statement you have just made.
I'm lucky in that I've got four sisters.
PHRASE
8.
The ins and outs of a situation are all the detailed points and facts about it.
...the ins and outs of high finance...
PHRASE: usu the PHR of n/-ing
In
·noun A reentrant angle; a nook or corner.
II. In ·noun One who is in office;
- the opposite of out.
IV. In ·prep With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air.
V. In ·prep With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life.
VI. In ·prep With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light.
VII. In ·prep With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor.
VIII. In ·prep With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army.
IX. In ·prep With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, ·etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear.
X. In ·adv With privilege or possession;
- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband.
XI. In ·prep With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment;
- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God.
XII. In ·adv Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (·i.e., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (·i.e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (·i.e., in or into the head); his side was in (·i.e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (·i.e., into the house).
XIII. In ·prep The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, ·etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among.
Exemples du corpus de texte pour in
1. There were 1,646 civilian deaths in February; 1,872 in March; 1,501 in April; 1,'4' in May; 1,227 in June; 1,653 in July; 1,773 in August; 844 in September; 758 in October; 538 in November; and 481 in December.
2. There were 2,045 orphans in Kupwara, 1,640 orphans in Doda, 1,580 in Baramulla, 1,14' in Budgam, 1,01' in Pulwama, 843 in Srinagar, 858 in Anantnag, 884 in Rajouri, 868 in Poonch and 521 in Udhampur.
3. Transparency in public affairs, transparency in friendship, transparency in partnership and in agreement and in disagreement.
4. Of Praktiker‘s 270 stores, seven are in Greece, 17 in Poland, 15 in Hungary, eight in Turkey, 11 in Romania, four in Bulgaria and three in Luxembourg
5. There were also blood libels in Muslim countries: in Damascus in 1840, in Beirut in 1887 and in Egypt in 18'2.